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Mount of Olives
The Mount of Olives or Mount Olivet (, ''Har HaZeitim''; (アラビア語:جبل الزيتون, الطور), ''Jabal az-Zaytūn'', ''Aț-Țūr'') is a mountain ridge east of and adjacent to Jerusalem's Old City.〔''This is Jerusalem'' Menashe Har-El, Canaan Publishing House, Jerusalem, 1977, p. 117〕 It is named for the olive groves that once covered its slopes. The southern part of the Mount was the Silwan necropolis, attributed to the ancient Judean kingdom.〔 The Mount has been used as a Jewish cemetery for over 3,000 years, and holds approximately 150,000 graves, making it central in the tradition of Jewish cemeteries.〔(International committee vows to restore Mount of Olives ), ''Ynet''.〕 Several key events in the life of Jesus as related in the Gospels took place on the Mount of Olives, and in the Acts of the Apostles it is described as the place from which Jesus ascended to heaven. Because of its association with both Jesus and Mary, the Mount has been a site of Christian worship since ancient times and is today a major site of pilgrimage for the Eastern Orthodox, Catholics and Protestants.
==Geography & Geology==
The Mount of Olives is one of three peaks of a mountain ridge which runs for just east of the Old City across the Kidron Valley, in this area called the Valley of Josaphat. The peak to its north is Mount Scopus, at , while the peak to its south is the Mount of Corruption, at . The highest point on the Mount of Olives is at-Tur, at . The ridge acts as a watershed, and its eastern side is the beginning of the Judean Desert.
The ridge is formed of oceanic sedimentary rock from the Late Cretaceous, and contains a soft chalk and a hard flint. While the chalk is easily quarried, it is not a suitable strength for construction, which is why the Mount was never built up, and instead features many man-made burial caves.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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